3. Diabetes Complications and how to take care of your body

3.1 Heart Diabetes carries an increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and complications related to poor circulation. The good news is that you can take steps to prevent heart disease or reduce your chances of having another heart attack.

What is coronary artery disease?

Coronary artery disease is caused by a narrowing or blocking of the blood vessels that go to your heart. It’s the most common form of heart disease. Your blood carries oxygen and other needed materials to your heart. Blood vessels to your heart can become partially or totally blocked by fatty deposits. A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to your heart is reduced or cut off.

What steps can I take to prevent coronary artery disease?

You can lower your risk by keeping your ABCs on target .

A is for A-1-C
An A-1-C is the blood glucose (sugar) check “with a memory.” It tells you your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that people aim for an A-1-C below 7.
B is for blood pressure
Your blood pressure numbers tell you the force of blood inside your blood vessels. When your blood pressure is high, your heart has to work harder than it should. The ADA recommends that you keep your blood pressure below 130/80 (said as “130 over 80”) mmHg.
C is for cholesterol

Your cholesterol numbers tell you the amount of fat in your blood. Some kinds, like HDL cholesterol, help protect your heart. Other kinds, like LDL cholesterol and triglycerides can clog your blood vessels and lead to heart disease. Here are the targets suggested by the heart foundation of South Africa:
Type of blood lipid :

LDL Cholesterol < 3.0
HDL Cholesterol >1.2
Triclycerides <1.6

What can I do to reach my ABC targets?

1. Make wise food choices

I’ll eat less fat, especially saturated fat (found in fatty meats, poultry skin and butter) I’ll switch to low-fat or fat-free dairy products. I’ll eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. I’ll cut back on foods that are high in cholesterol (such as egg yolks and high-fat dairy products). I’ll choose the kinds of fat that can help lower my cholesterol, such as olive oil or canola oil. Nuts also have a healthy type of fat. I’ll eat fish two or three times a week, choosing kinds that are high in heart-protective fat (tuna, herring, mackerel, sardines and salmon). I’ll cook using low-fat methods (baking, roasting, grilling foods or by using nonstick pans and cooking sprays). I’ll eat foods that are high in fiber (oatmeal, oat bran, fruits & veggies). I’ll eat less salt.

2. Lose weight or take steps to prevent weight gain

I’ll cut down on calories and fat!
Reality is that losing weight in a healthy way and learning how to keep it off is not easy. It takes a new way of thinking.

3. Be physically active


4. Take medications
Some types of blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications can protect your heart. Your health care provider can provide information about which medications are best for you. Aspirin can also help lower your risk of heart disease.

5. Quit smoking!

Smoking significantly increases your risk for a heart attack and lung cancer. It thickens your blood and decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of the cells. A master plan for a disaster! (for help contact SMOKENDERS 021 - 7889120)

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